2N449 PDF Datasheet – Transistor, NPN, 15V, -20mA, TO-39

Part Number: 2N449

Function: 15V, -20mA, NPN Transistor.

Package: 3-Pin TO-39 Type

Manufacturer: New Jersey Semiconductor

Images:

2N449 datasheet pdf

Description

The 2N449 is a low-power bipolar junction transistor rated for 15V operation and a maximum collector current of -20mA, typically used in small-signal applications. It offers modest power dissipation and is suitable for low-level amplification and switching tasks in compact electronic designs. This transistor is commonly applied in signal processing, low-current switching, and general-purpose analog circuits.

Features

  • Low power dissipation of 65mW
  • Suitable for small-signal amplification
  • Compact and efficient for low-current circuits
  • Stable operation within limited temperature range

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Tc = 25 °C)

Parameter Symbol Value Unit
Collector-Base Voltage VCBO 15 V
Emitter-Base Voltage VEBO 15 V
Collector Current IC -20 mA
Collector Power Dissipation PC 0.065 W
Junction Temperature Tj 85 °C
Storage Temperature Tstg -55 to 85 °C

Design Notes

  • Ensure collector current remains within 20mA to avoid device damage
  • Suitable for low-power circuits with minimal heat generation
  • Biasing must be carefully designed for stable small-signal amplification
  • Limited thermal range requires controlled operating environment
  • Not suitable for high-frequency or high-power applications

Typical Circuit Usage

  • Low-level signal amplification
  • Small current switching circuits
  • Sensor interface stages
  • Pre-amplifier circuits
  • Basic transistor switching applications

How to Choose This Part

  • Select for low-voltage, low-current applications
  • Ideal for compact and low-power analog designs
  • Ensure thermal limits are not exceeded in operation
  • Use where high gain or power handling is not critical
  • Consider alternatives for wider temperature or higher current needs

Applications

  • Signal processing circuits
  • Low-power electronic devices
  • Instrumentation circuits
  • Educational and prototyping designs
  • Embedded analog interfaces

Alternative / Equivalent Products

  • 2N3904 (general-purpose NPN transistor)
  • BC547 (low-noise small-signal transistor)
  • 2N2222 (higher current alternative)
  • PN2222A (plastic package variant)
  • BC548 (similar small-signal transistor)

2N449 Datasheet

2N449 pdf

12AT7 PDF Datasheet – Triode Vacuum Tube ( ECC81 )

Part Number: 12AT7

Function: Triode Vacuum Tube, Receiving Valve

Package: 9 Pin Type

Manufacturer: BRIMAR

Images:12AT7 pdf

Description

A triode vacuum tube is a type of electron tube, also known as a thermionic valve or vacuum tube, that contains three basic elements: a cathode, a control grid, and an anode.

12AT7 (also known in Europe by the Mullard–Philips tube designation of ECC81) is a miniature 9-pin medium-gain (60) dual-triode vacuum tube popular in guitar amplifiers. It belongs to a large family of dual triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (EIA 9A), including in particular the very commonly used low-mu 12AU7 and high-mu 12AX7.

The 12AT7 has somewhat lower voltage gain than the 12AX7, but higher transconductance and plate current, which makes it suitable for high frequency applications.

This is a specific type of vacuum tube, also known as a thermionic valve or electron tube. It is a double triode tube, meaning it contains two independent triode sections in a single glass envelope. This tube belongs to the 9-pin miniature (Noval) tube family.

Application Circuit

12AT7 datasheet tube

The operation of a triode vacuum tube is based on the principle of thermionic emission. When a voltage is applied to the cathode, it heats up and emits electrons into the surrounding vacuum. The control grid, placed between the cathode and the anode, acts as an electrode that can modulate the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode.

12AT7 PDF Datasheet