This post explains for the Voltage Regulator.
The Full Part Number is T7812CT, MCT7812CT.
The function of this semiconductor is Three-Terminal Positive 12V Voltage Regulator.
Manufacturer: Motorola
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Description
A 12V voltage regulator refers to a device or integrated circuit (IC) used to regulate and stabilize an input voltage to a constant 12 volts output voltage. It ensures that the output voltage remains steady regardless of changes in the input voltage or variations in the load.
These voltage regulators are monolithic integrated circuits designed as fixed-voltage regulators for a wide variety of applications including local, on-card regulation. These regulators employ internal current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe-area compensation. With adequate heatsinking they can deliver output currents in excess of 1.0 A. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.
Features:
• Output Current in Excess of 1.0 A
• No External Components Required
• Internal Thermal Overload Protection
• Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting
• Output Transistor Safe-Area Compensation
• Output Voltage Offered with a 4% Tolerance
• Available in Surface Mount D2PAK and Standard 3-Lead Transistor Packages
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Voltage regulators are used in various applications, including power supplies, automotive electronics, industrial equipment, consumer electronics, and more. They provide a stable and reliable power source for sensitive electronic components, ensuring proper operation and preventing damage from voltage fluctuations.